Cómo definir su mercado objetivo

Masterclass de canalización de ventas: Primera parte

As a startup founder, marketer or sales professional, one of the most important things you need to do is define your target market. After all, it is what lays the foundation for your marketing strategy – influencing everything from how you name your product, over how you develop it, down to which market segment you end up focusing on.

Simply put, the better you understand your target market, the closer you are to being able to market your product to the right audience at the right time. And in this lesson, we’ll show you how to do just that.

 

1. Recopile datos sobre sus clientes actuales

Similar to how you’d audit your resources, dig out all the data you have on your existing customers. Look into where you reached out to them or how they discovered you, and why they chose to buy from you. List the common characteristics, interests and conversion cycles of these customers and identify those that bring you the most business. This will help you get started on identifying people who are more likely to benefit from your product, and vice versa.

If you’re just starting out, we recommend compiling all the data you brought together to create your product research document. Write down why you started to build the product, where the idea came from, what challenges it solves and what kind of people are more likely to benefit from what you offer.

Algunos de los datos que debería tener en cuenta son:

• Datos demográficos generales (edad, geografía, sexo, idioma)
• Cargo/ función
• Sector y tamaño de la empresa
• Intereses y objetivos
• Poder adquisitivo y pautas de gasto
• Desafíos

Una buena forma de obtener datos sobre lo anterior es consultar su CRM, programa de contabilidad o base de datos para hacerse una idea general de las conversaciones en curso con los clientes actuales y potenciales. Para añadir una capa más de datos sobre el mismo tema, investigue más en LinkedIn y otros canales de medios sociales. Además, para obtener datos de primera mano y contrastados, intente programar el mayor número posible de entrevistas con clientes.

 

2. Profundizar en los análisis del sitio web y de las redes sociales

Once you’ve compiled the data that is readily available to you, add another layer of data on top of it by digging deeper into your website and social media analytics to fill the gaps and identify your customers better.

Los datos de su sitio web deberían poder indicarle cómo le descubren los visitantes, qué palabras clave utilizan y de qué canal proceden. Estos datos le ayudarán a comprender la psicología de su mercado objetivo y a llegar a él en el momento oportuno con el mensaje adecuado.

Your Facebook Page’s Insight section gives you info about your audience demographics, including similar pages they have liked or are engaging with actively. The ‘top posts’ section in Insights, also gives you a quick snapshot of what content has performed well for your competitors. Use this data to shape a content calendar that is designed for higher engagement.

Similarly, log into your Google Analytics to discover how people are reaching your website. Heading over to ‘Audience’, you can find out in-depth data on your audience – their demographics, interests, geography, behavior, the technology used, and even their interaction with your site with ‘user flows’.

Tracking and recording such data while you’re defining your target market also helps you identify what keeps visitors engaged on your site, where they drop off and how you can optimize the pages to convert as many of them as possible. Google Analytics also lets you dig deeper into the source of traffic – helping you understand which channel works the best for which customer segment.

Aunque Google Analytics es la herramienta a la que la mayoría de nosotros recurrimos, existen otras herramientas como Sprout Social y AgoraPulse que ofrecen información práctica de múltiples canales en un panel unificado.

 

3. Supervise a su competencia

Now that you have documented who is already interacting with your business and who might possibly be interested in what you’re offering, it’s time to look into what interests them apart from you – especially your competitors.

While you won’t get access to all the insights of your competitors’ audience engagement, you can take a look at their websites and social media channels to gauge how they’re approaching their target markets. Everything from their web copy to the illustrations they use to explain what they do is indicative of what is working in your target segment (or not) and hence will give you a head start on what you need to do to position yourself better.

Además, existen herramientas como SEMrush y Ahrefs que le ofrecen información sobre las palabras clave a las que se dirigen sus competidores, los sitios que les están aportando el máximo tráfico y las campañas de pago que están llevando a cabo, por nombrar sólo algunas. Es una buena idea tomar nota de todos los datos relevantes para su segmento de audiencia documentado, con el fin de mejorar su mensajería.

For example, if you’re offering an app marketing suite. You run your competitor link for analysis on Ahrefs. As you can see here in the screenshot, the tool points out their top performing pages and the content that they cover. Heading over to the pages, you can further gain insights into what messaging they use, what problems they are trying to address and optimize yours accordingly.

 

4. Documente a sus clientes

Once you have identified the key data points that define your target market, it is time to further give shape to your document by creating ‘customer personas’. The aim of creating customer personas is to be able to define an individual by their demographics, interests, preferences, purchasing power, challenges and the solutions they’re looking for.

Similar to how it is important to do a little research on the person you’re going to have a meeting with, to have a meaningful conversation with your customers, you need to know a little about them and what they do.

A good way to start this exercise is to conduct a customer/ prospect survey or in-depth research, to be able to write down everything that defines your ‘ideal customer.’

To make things even simpler, head over to ‘Make my Persona’ by HubSpot. The tool helps you create buyer personas that can be used across teams for marketing, sales and more. It walks you step-by-step through the process, telling you why each step is important to complete.

Consejo profesional: No olvide distinguir claramente entre cada uno de sus personajes.

The reason you’re creating personas is to be able to tailor the experience and marketing strategies to the different target segments of your audience. If everything overlaps with one another, you’ll just end up using the same promotional message for them all, lowering the engagement you could generate otherwise.

Start by analyzing your most successful customers. This will help you create your core persona and give you direction to create the next one. If you don’t have enough data to create three personas, stick to two until you do. There’s no point spreading yourself too thin.

 

5. Exponga claramente la propuesta de valor de su producto y servicio

Your product or service could have endless features to offer, but that list is of no use if your target segment can’t understand how they would be of any benefit to them or identify how you’re different from your competitors. You need to clearly link a value proposition to the problems that different customer personas are facing.

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Let’s give you a simple example. IKEA is popular for two things among many – how budget friendly they are and their smart furniture features. While one audience segment might respond to a message that talks about their functionality, the other could be more likely to engage with the brand on knowing how cost-effective their products are. The same psychology holds true when you are creating your target market statement for any industry.

A simple way to do this is to take into account persona names and create a simple statement for reference. This statement should include which persona you’re addressing – their sample name, what you’re offering to them, which of their goals it will help them achieve, and what message your competitor is using to target them.

Here’s a simple template from Strategyzer:

 

6. Revise y optimice su mercado objetivo y sus personas

Una vez que empiece a dirigirse a los clientes que definió anteriormente, deberá volver continuamente a su investigación y optimizarlos en función de las respuestas que reciba y del ciclo de vida del cliente.

Es importante seguir perfeccionando su mercado objetivo y sus clientes a medida que crece y obtiene más datos, ya que le proporcionará una imagen más clara de quién compone su mercado objetivo real. Esto le ayudará a identificar mejor a clientes ideales. Siga hablando y escuchando a la gente, porque su conocimiento de los clientes hará que su negocio funcione o fracase y sentará las bases de todo lo demás que haga.

Asegúrese de que su mercado objetivo está siempre en sintonía con las tendencias actuales, o podría acabar perdiendo oportunidades de mercado frente a la competencia.

Once you have your target market and customer personas defined, document them separately and on-board your team to them. It’s important they remain up-to-date with the data; this will ensure that you maintain a consistent message across all channels, and throughout the customer life cycle.

¿Listo para poner en práctica toda tu investigación? Haga clic en Segunda parte de nuestra Masterclass de canalización de ventas: ¡Cómo construir tu lista de clientes potenciales B2B!

 

“This post is Part One in a new Masterclass series on how to build your sales pipeline. Building a strong sales pipeline is the #1 key to sales success. That’s why we created this indispensable step-by-step guide, to teach you how to build your pipeline the right way.” – Jeroen Corthout, co-founder Salesflare

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